Seasonal changes in the germination of buried seeds of Monochoria vaginalis

This study investigates the seasonal variation of germination ability of buried seeds of Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl var. plantaginea Solms. The ®eld-collected seeds were buried in a ̄ooded or an upland ®eld and then exhumed monthly. The exhumed seeds were germinated under four temperature regimes. The seeds exhumed from the ̄ooded soil were dormant at the beginning of burial and proceeded into a conditional dormancy/non-dormancy/conditional dormancy cycle throughout the remaining period of the experiment. The seeds exhumed monthly from the non̄ooded soil exhibited an annual dormant cycle, which is dormancy/conditional dormancy/non-dormancy/conditional dormancy/dormancy. At day and night temperatures of 25/20 °C, the exhumed seeds from both the ̄ooded and the upland soil resembled each other in terms of seasonal variation of the germination percentage. In September and October, more seeds exhumed from upland soil failed to germinate under higher temperature than from ̄ooded soil. Strictly avoiding exposure to light during seed exhuming and seed testing prevented the seeds from germinating. A short exposure of the exhumed seeds to light during preparation promoted dark germination when the seeds were at the non-dormant stage. The potential implications of our results for weed management strategies in rice production are discussed.